Brain-Complete Interface: Definition and explanations

The Brain-Complete Interfaces, in French Direct Neuronal Interfaces, allow direct communication between the brain and the computer. This works by capturing neural signals, interpreting them and transforming them into understandable controls for computers or machines.

What do we mean by Brain-Complete Interfaces?

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a Interface between human brain and a computer which allows direct transmission of information between humans and machine. Thanks to neurotechnology, this connection is established without involving the peripheral nervous systemthat is to say independently of speech and movements.

The brain-computer interfaces are based on the observation that the simple fact of imagining an action is enough to cause a measurable modification of the electrical activity of the brain. For example, the idea of ​​moving a finger already leads to a reaction from the engine cortex, which plans and launches voluntary movements and movement sequences. During a training process, the Brain-Computer Interface learns to associate brain activities with specific thoughts or orders. This allows you to use brain signals read as neurotechnological input systems. However, due to many technological challenges, the development of BCI requires a lot of time and money.

The Brain-Complete Interfaces record and analyze brain activity to convert it into orders intended for computers. There brain electrical activity is done using electrodes. Special algorithms then treat the signals captured in order to identify models in correlation with certain specific thoughts and ideas. Secondly, the brain-computer interface translates these models into understandable controls for machines. Due to data complexity, researchers use machine learning and artificial intelligence.

Brain-Company non-invasive or invasive interfaces

The brain processes can be recorded using BCI applied and removed manually, or using BCI surgically implanted:

• THE Brain-Complete non-invasive interfaces record the electrical activity of the brain by electroencephalography (EEG). This process is to place electrodes on the scalp to measure the tension variations on the surface of the skull. As a rule, the models used are caps equipped with sensors. Magnetotephalography (MEG) also offers the possibility of recording the activity Magnetic brain. This method provides a three -dimensional image of the different areas.
• THE Brain-Complete invasive interfaces use electrodes directly brain To measure electric impulses via EEG. This observation method offers the best resolution of signals, but still has the risk of medical complications such as neural lesions. There are also semi-invasive processes, in which electrodes are placed on the cerebral cortex, which is considered less risky.

Where is the development of Brain-Computer Interfaces?

Thanks to the intensive research efforts, the quality of the captured brain signals continues to improve. This is particularly true for implanted BCI systems, which offer a high transmission rate and are increasingly in interest in scientific work and studies. On the other hand, non -invasive direct neural interfaces offer only a very limited precision, because the cranial box reduces signals. Although the first BCI Invasif system was established in a human being in 1998, due to the great complexity of the procedure, there are still only fifty people worldwide who received a BCI implant 25 years later.

Thanks to the current measures to support basic research in the field of neurology in the United States (Brain Initiative) and in Europe (Human Brain Project), we can expect significant progress in BCI technologies in the years to come. Research teams are currently working on bidirectional interfaces Capable of transmitting signals from outside to the brain. Finally, constant progress is made in the interpretation of brain activity. These are notably the fruit of modern analysis methods such as neural networks, big data and deep learning which effectively process large amounts of data.

Who works on BCI technologies?

In 2025, many public institutions such as universities and companies in the private sector are carrying out research and working on BCI methods. In 2020, researchers from the University of Zhejiang (China) established a Brain-Competant Interface on a paraplegic patient who now allows him to move robotic arms and order devices by thought. It was not until January 2024 that a scientific team of the famous Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) presented a Brain-Computer Non-Invasive Interface to control the dog robot of Boston Dynamics.

The United States and China are currently considered leaders in the implementation of brain-computer interfaces. In France, research focuses on non -invasive BCIs, as they significantly include less risks. Among the best-known Brain-Complete Interface companies, we find:

• Neuralink Develops invasive interfaces. The BCI implant of the American company has more than 1,000 electrodes fixed to fine threads such as hair. In addition to improving the treatment of serious brain diseases, Neuralink has set itself the aim of extending mental capacities in the long term.
• Blackrock Neurotech At its registered office in UTAH and has been active in the Brain-Computer Interfaces sector since 2008. Blackrock devices are among the most used BCI implants and are so far used to increase the independence of people with serious paralysis.
• Braingate was the first company to present an implantable BCI chip designed for humans in 2004, making it a pioneer in this area. The most recent implants consist of two or more units, with up to a hundred electrodes per unit, and are placed above the cerebral cortex.
• Synchron has developed a little invasive bci chip which is not implanted directly in the brain, but in the blood vessels of the head. The establishment is done using a tiny metal endoprothesis by which the BCI is introduced in the head.

Current and future areas of application of BCI technologies

Until now, the main application of the Brain-Company Interfaces consists of Assist people with significant physical disabilities. BCIs are already used to help people with disabilities or people with certain diseases such as confinement syndrome (Locked-in Syndrome) to move, to communicate and to be independent. BCIs used in medicine allow, for example, to move a robotic arm, to communicate using a spell machine or to control devices by the strength of thought. However, medical BCI processes are still in the prototype stage. On the other hand, in the field of Entertainment and well-beingthe first products ready to be marketed exist. There are already, for example, non -invasive BCI helmets that reduce stress using biofeedback systems.

Several other application scenarios are possible in the future. Brain-understanding interfaces could promote the development of neuroprothèses allowing people to feel emotions or connect to robots to perform difficult tasks. Bidirectional BCIs would directly communicate from brain brain, download thoughts from cloud servers and connect to the Internet. However, the sustainability of BCI technologies will depend not only on technical advances, but also on their Acceptance by the company.

Brain-understand interfaces: opportunities and risks?

The Brain-Complete Interfaces have the potential to lead to disruptive developments in different areas of society. This concerns not only medical applications, but also, for example, Optimization to work, at school or in daily life and for areas such as virtual reality. In theory, BCIs could make it possible to acquire still unexplored skills and unpublished capacities, such as learning a language by direct download in the brain. However, by then, certain technological challenges will have to be met.

Despite all these advantages, the Brain-Computer Interfaces also present significant risks. Thus, reading brain activity makes it possible to analyze very sensitive private data. Critics therefore highlight the risk that BCI can be used abusive to influence the thoughts and behaviors of individuals. In addition, the Brain-Complete Interfaces are not yet technically to the point and are therefore subject to errors that can, in the worst case, lead to undesirable consequences. To guarantee user safety, it is essential to carefully assess the ethical, legal and social implications.